Kejadian Kekerasan pada Perempuan Selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19

Winda Ayu Fazraningtyas, Dini Rahmayani, Indana Rahmah Fitriani

Abstract


LATAR BELAKANG Kekerasan terhadap perempuan, terutama kekerasan pada pasangan dan kekerasan seksual adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama dan merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hak asasi perempuan. Data yang diterbitkan oleh WHO (2018) menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 1 dari 3 (35%) perempuan di seluruh dunia telah mengalami kekerasan. Hal ini semakin bertambah selama masa pandemi COVID-19 yang terjadi hampir di seluruh belahan dunia.  Pembatasan sosial yang dilakukan selama masa pandemi ini berdampak pada perekonomian, membuat ekonomi keluarga terpuruk, dan berimbas pada situasi dan kondisi perempuan. Segala kegiatan yang terpusat di rumah membuat beban domestik yang sangat besar bagi perempuan, mulai dari mengurus rumah hingga memastikan anak-anak mengakses pendidikan dari rumah.

TUJUAN Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kejadian kekerasan pada perempuan yang terjadi selama masa pandemi COVID-19 .

METODE Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan narrative review. Artikel yang digunakan pada studi ini diambil dari Google Scholar dan Pubmed dengan total artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria adalah 10 artikel. Semua artikel yang digunakan dalam studi ini berasal dari tahun 2020.

HASIL Terdapat peningkatan kejadian kekerasan pada perempuan. Dampak kekerasan perempuan dapat mempengaruhi di gangguan reproduksi seperti ketidakteraturan menstruasi, dan gangguan dalam proses kehamilan, dan gangguan mental seperti munculnya kecemasan, takut, letih, dan stress, bahkan tidak jarang berdampak pada gangguan makan dan tidur

KESIMPULAN Kekerasan yang terjadi pada perempuan ini semakin meningkat seiring dengan semakin lamanya pandemi COVID-19 ini berlangsung. Hal ini dikarenakan pembatasan sosial yang diterapkan untuk mengurangi penyebaran dari pandemi ini menyebabkan perempuan dan pasangan harus menetap dalam satu rumah dan tidak dapat menghindarinya. Untuk itu, manajemen emosional sangat diperlukan untuk meminimalisir kejadian kekerasan pada perempuan ini. 

 

Kata Kunci: pandemi COVID-19, Kekerasan pada Perempuan

 

 

Abstract

 

Background: Violence against women, especially violence against partners and sexual violence is a major public health problem and one of a violation of women's human rights. According to WHO (2018) emphasized that around 1 in 3 (35%) women worldwide have experienced violence. Furthermore, this increased during the COVID-19 pandemic which occurred in almost all parts of the world. The social restrictions imposed during the pandemic have an impact on the economy, making the family economy worse, and impacting the situation and condition of women. All activities centered at home create a huge domestic burden for women, from managing the house to making sure children access education from home.

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the incidence of violence against women that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: This study used a narrative review approach. The articles used in this study were taken from Google Scholar and also Pubmed with a total of 10 articles that fit the criteria. All articles used in this study date from 2020.

Result: There is an increase in the incidence of violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of violence on women can affect reproductive disorders such as menstrual irregularities, and disorders in the process of pregnancy, and mental disorders such as the emergence of anxiety, fear, fatigue, and stress, even not infrequently have an impact on eating and sleep disorders.

Conclusion: The violence that occurred in these women increased along with the length of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is because the social restrictions that are implemented to reduce the spread of this pandemic cause women and couples to settle in one house and cannot avoid it. Therefore, emotional management is needed to minimize the incidence of violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic.  

Kata Kunci: the COVID-19 pandemic, violence against women


References


Bradbury-Jones, C., & Isham, L. (2020). The pandemic paradox: The consequences of COVID-19 on domestic violence. Journal of clinical nursing, 29(13-14), 2047–2049. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15296.

Crawley, E., Loades, M., Feder, G., Logan, S., Redwood, S., & Macleod, J. (2020). Wider collateral damage to children in the UK because of the social distancing measures designed to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in adults. BMJ paediatrics open, 4(1), e000701. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000701.

Fehr, A. R., & Perlman, S. (2015). Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 1282, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1.

Dapic, M.R., Flander, G.B., & Prijatelj, K. (2020). Children behind closed doors due to COVID-19 isolation: Abuse, neglect and domestoc violence. Archieve of Psychiatry Research, 56, 181-192. doi: 10.20471/dec.2020.56.02.06.

Dyer, H., Stelly, D., & Watson G.L. (2020). Intimate partner violence: Using standardized patients to improve trauma-informed care in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. MedEdPublish, 9, [1], 79. https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020.000079.1.

Harnoko, B. Rudi. 2010. Dibalik tindak kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Vol. No 1, juli 2010. Muwazah. Didownload dari http://e-journal.stain pekalongan.ac.id/, tanggal 24 Maret 2020.

Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., Xiao, Y., … Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet (London, England), 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.

Humphreys, K. L., Myint, M. T., & Zeanah, C. H. (2020). Increased Risk for Family Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pediatrics, e20200982. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0982.

Mlambo-Ngcuka, P. (2020). UN Women: Violence against women and girls: the shadow pandemic. https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2020/4/statement-ed-phumzile-violence-against-women-during-pandemic.

Oktavianti, T.I. (2020). The Jakarta Post: Jakarta records spike in domestic violence reports during work-from-home period. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/07/jakarta-records-spike-in-domestic-violence-reports-during-work-from-home-period.html.

Paterman, A., Potts, A., O’Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., Oertelt-Prigione, S., & van Gelder, N. (2020). Pandemics and violence against women and children. Center for Global Development. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/17250/pdf/pandemics-and-vawg.pdf.

Poole, D. N., Escudero, D. J., Gostin, L. O., Leblang, D., & Talbot, E. A. (2020). Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises. International journal for equity in health, 19(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01162-y.

Rahmayani, D. (2017). Kesehatan reproduksi: Kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Jakarta: In Media.

Roesch, E., Amin, A., Gupta, J., & García-Moreno, C. (2020). Violence against women during covid-19 pandemic restrictions. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 369, m1712. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1712.

Taub, A. (2020). The New York Times: A New Covid-19 Crisis: Domestic Abuse Rises Worldwide. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/world/coronavirus-domestic-violence.html.

United Nations. (n.d.). Sustainable Development Goal 5. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg5.

Usher, K., Bhullar, N., Durkin, J., Gyamfi, N., & Jackson, D. (2020). Family violence and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. International journal of mental health nursing, 10.1111/inm.12735. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12735.

van Gelder, N., Peterman, A., Potts, A., O'Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., Oertelt-Prigione, S., & Gender and COVID-19 working group (2020). COVID-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence. EClinicalMedicine, 21, 100348. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100348

Wang, Z., Qiang, W., & Ke, H. (2020). A Handbook of 2019-nCoV Pneumonia Control and Prevention. China: Hubei Science and Technologi Press.

Wanqing, Z. (2020). Domestic Violence Cases Surge During COVID-19 Epidemic. https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1005253/domestic-violence-cases-surge-during-covid-19-epidemic.

World Health Organization. (2020). Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Situation Report-1Januari 21.

World Health Organization. (2020). COVID-19 and violence against women: What the health sector/system can do. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/vaw-covid-19/en/.

Yndo, M. C., Weston, R., & Marshall, L. L. (2019). Social Reactions to Intimate Partner Violence Disclosure Among Low-Income, Ethnically Diverse Community Women. Violence against women, 25(7), 817–838. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801218805579.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33859/dksm.v11i1.550

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2020 Winda Ayu Fazraningtyas, Rahmayani Dini, Indana Rahmah Fitriani

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.